Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law, 2017
By: Karen Taliaferro
Title Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
Volume 28
Issue 1
Pages 1–27
Categories Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Rhetoric
Author(s) Karen Taliaferro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article traces a Muslim tradition of natural law in the thought of Ibn Rushd. I argue that this notion of natural law enriches the concept of law and can mediate conflicts of human law and divine law in Islam. I discuss the ontology, then epistemology, of Ibn Rushd’s natural law, then situate the resultant conception of law within Islamic legal and theological contexts.

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Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198), 2017
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198)
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2017
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 59
Pages 33–56
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Theology, Commentary
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with Averroes’s interpretation of Metaph. Ε 1, where Aristotle discusses the nature and object of metaphysics, as well as its place in the hierarchy of sciences. Among Averroes’s predecessors, al-Kindī seems to see a coincidence between metaphysics and theology, since God can be described as the “first cause of everything”. However, al-Fārābī and Avicenna discovered that “first philosophy” could be conceived as an ontology distinct from theology; moreover, they considered theology to be only a part of metaphysics, not even the most important one. In the Great Commentary on Metaphysics - where the Arabic translation of the work by the Jacobite monk Usṭāth is quoted, Averroes often just paraphrases the original passages. One may infer that theology in the strict sense is merely mentioned by way of example. In the Epitome of Metaphysics, the objects of metaphysics are “general” ones; metaphysics studies the “absolute being” and cannot be identified with theology as “pertaining to God”.

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L’interpretazione del Corano alla luce della ragione in al-Ghazâlî e Ibn Rushd, 2016
By: Ines Peta
Title L’interpretazione del Corano alla luce della ragione in al-Ghazâlî e Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2016
Journal Rivista di Filosofia Neo-scólastica
Volume 108
Issue 4
Pages 1005–1012
Categories Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Ines Peta
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3, 2016
By: Ziad Bou Akl
Title Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Rursus
Volume 9
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) Ziad Bou Akl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Metaphysics IX 3, Averroes draws an analogy between the Megarian conception of dunamis, presented and refuted by Aristotle, and that of the Ashʿarites theologians. The study of the Arabic translation of lemmatas of Aristotle’s text (1047a26-28) and of the reformulation by Averroes of the third argument against the Megarians shows a shift commanded by theological issues: since the omnipotence of God can now bypass natural powers, the question of who possess the power should be added to that of its sole possession.

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Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”, 2016
By: Mustafa Yildiz
Title Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Journal of Islamic Philosophy
Volume 10
Pages 62–103
Categories al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Theology
Author(s) Mustafa Yildiz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes, 2015
By: Diego R. Sarrió
Title El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2015
Journal Al-Qantara
Volume 36
Issue 1
Pages 45–68
Categories Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Diego R. Sarrió
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El presente artículo argumenta que por debajo del marco jurídico del Faṣl al-maqāl subyace el deseo de conciliar los requerimientos de la razón con las exigencias de la fe. Averroes basa tal conciliación en la aceptación de una teoría hermenéutica según la cual, la Palabra Divina se dirige a cada ser humano según su capacidad intelectual. Por consiguiente, Averroes no excluye a los sabios del deber religioso de asentir a la verdad revelada. Contrariamente a interpretaciones exageradamente secularizadoras de su racionalismo, el artículo sugiere que Averroes concibió la filosofía en términos cuasi religiosos, como la obra más noble que se puede llevar a cabo en presencia de Dios, cuyo ejercicio convierte a sus practicantes en los legítimos «herederos de los profetas».

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Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World, 2015
By: Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Title Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Religions
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages 1082–1106
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque, 2015
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque
Type Article
Language French
Date 2015
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosopy
Volume 25
Issue 1
Pages 105–133
Categories Theology, Transmission
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The extant manuscript tradition of the Kitāb al-Kašf provides evidences of three phases of redaction and revision of the treatise. This study aims to illustrate the relations between the two Arabic versions and the anonymous fourteenth century Hebrew translation, taking into account the additions and modifications that differentiate them. I conclude that the Hebrew translation represents an intermediate stage of reworking, attesting important additions to the text as well as philosophical changes, especially in arguments concerning the creation of the world at the beginning of the treatise. However, it precedes the next revision phase of the text, which leaded to the modifications of the last Arabic version, in the chapters dealing with the thorny questions of divine corporeality and direction. The analysis of additions and arguments in the matter of content, context and reasoning helps to understand the redaction phases' history and the way the treatise was transmitted.

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A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century, 2015
By: Ali Ghorbani, Fath ali Akbari
Title A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century
Type Article
Language Persian
Date 2015
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 5
Issue 12
Pages 69-84
Categories Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.

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Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God, 2013
By: Mehmet Ata Az
Title Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Ilahiyat Studies
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 149-181
Categories Thomas, Theology
Author(s) Mehmet Ata Az
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God, 2013
By: Mehmet Ata Az
Title Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Ilahiyat Studies
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 149-181
Categories Thomas, Theology
Author(s) Mehmet Ata Az
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Cienza y religión en Averroes, 2011
By: I. Maiza Ozcodi
Title Cienza y religión en Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2011
Journal La Ciudad de Dios
Volume 224
Issue 2
Pages 373–397
Categories Theology
Author(s) I. Maiza Ozcodi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”, 2016
By: Mustafa Yildiz
Title Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Journal of Islamic Philosophy
Volume 10
Pages 62–103
Categories al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Theology
Author(s) Mustafa Yildiz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5258","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5258,"authors_free":[{"id":6067,"entry_id":5258,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mustafa Yildiz","free_first_name":"Mustafa","free_last_name":"Yildiz","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Conceiving Religion: Al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee and Averroes on the Concepts of \u201cMillah\u201d and \u201cShar\u00eeah\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Conceiving Religion: Al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee and Averroes on the Concepts of \u201cMillah\u201d and \u201cShar\u00eeah\u201d"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5840\/islamicphil2016104","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5258,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Islamic Philosophy","volume":"10","issue":"","pages":"62\u2013103"}},"sort":["Conceiving Religion: Al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee and Averroes on the Concepts of \u201cMillah\u201d and \u201cShar\u00eeah\u201d"]}

Creation and Science in the Middle Ages, 2007
By: William E. Carroll
Title Creation and Science in the Middle Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal New Blackfriars
Volume 88
Issue 1018
Pages 678-689
Categories Aquinas, Avicenna, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) William E. Carroll
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3, 2016
By: Ziad Bou Akl
Title Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Rursus
Volume 9
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) Ziad Bou Akl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Metaphysics IX 3, Averroes draws an analogy between the Megarian conception of dunamis, presented and refuted by Aristotle, and that of the Ashʿarites theologians. The study of the Arabic translation of lemmatas of Aristotle’s text (1047a26-28) and of the reformulation by Averroes of the third argument against the Megarians shows a shift commanded by theological issues: since the omnipotence of God can now bypass natural powers, the question of who possess the power should be added to that of its sole possession.

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Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians, 2022
By: Aminullah Elhady
Title Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
Volume 78
Issue 4
Pages 1-6
Categories Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Aminullah Elhady
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology.

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El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes, 2015
By: Diego R. Sarrió
Title El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2015
Journal Al-Qantara
Volume 36
Issue 1
Pages 45–68
Categories Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Diego R. Sarrió
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El presente artículo argumenta que por debajo del marco jurídico del Faṣl al-maqāl subyace el deseo de conciliar los requerimientos de la razón con las exigencias de la fe. Averroes basa tal conciliación en la aceptación de una teoría hermenéutica según la cual, la Palabra Divina se dirige a cada ser humano según su capacidad intelectual. Por consiguiente, Averroes no excluye a los sabios del deber religioso de asentir a la verdad revelada. Contrariamente a interpretaciones exageradamente secularizadoras de su racionalismo, el artículo sugiere que Averroes concibió la filosofía en términos cuasi religiosos, como la obra más noble que se puede llevar a cabo en presencia de Dios, cuyo ejercicio convierte a sus practicantes en los legítimos «herederos de los profetas».

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Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge, 2022
By: Kirk Lougheed, Joshua Lee Harris
Title Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Philosophy East and West
Volume 72
Issue 4
Pages 960-972
Categories Epistemology, Theology
Author(s) Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular.

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Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God’s Causal Omniscience, 2019
By: Stephen Ogden
Title Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God’s Causal Omniscience
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal The Muslim World
Volume 109
Issue 4
Pages 595–614
Categories Thomas, Metaphysics, Aristotle, Commentary, Theology
Author(s) Stephen Ogden
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law, 2017
By: Karen Taliaferro
Title Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
Volume 28
Issue 1
Pages 1–27
Categories Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Rhetoric
Author(s) Karen Taliaferro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article traces a Muslim tradition of natural law in the thought of Ibn Rushd. I argue that this notion of natural law enriches the concept of law and can mediate conflicts of human law and divine law in Islam. I discuss the ontology, then epistemology, of Ibn Rushd’s natural law, then situate the resultant conception of law within Islamic legal and theological contexts.

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